Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr, also known as Badr War, took place on March 13, 624 (17th of Ramadan, 2 AH ). It was the first battle between the Muslims and the polytheists of Mecca. The number of polytheists was 950 or 1,000. One hundred or two hundred were on horseback, and seven hundred were mounted on camels. Most of them were armored. All the leaders of Quraysh had come. They brought along their singing slave women, playing drums and reciting poems that mocked the Muslims as they set out on their journey.
It was the 12th of Ramadan in the second year of Hijrah. The Messenger of Allah left Medina with an army of 313 men, appointing Abdullah bin Umm Maktum (radiyallahu anh) as his deputy to lead the prayers. Sixty-four of them were Muhajirun, while the rest were Ansar. Three were on horseback, seventy were mounted on camels, and the others were on foot. In the end, the Battle of Badr took place between the two forces and ended in victory for the believers.
Battle of Uhud
The Battle of Uhud took place on Saturday, March 23, 625 (7th of Shawwal, 3 AH), in the third year of Hijrah . This battle was fought by the polytheists of Mecca to take revenge for their losses at the Battle of Badr and to weaken the rising power of the Muslims. In the Battle of Uhud, where 70 companions became shaheed, the Prophet’s uncle, the Lion of Allah, Hamza, also became a shaheed in the path of Allah.
Battle of the Khandaq
The Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of Khandaq, took place on March 31, 627 (5 AH). It was a 27-day siege of Yathrib (now Medina) by the polytheists of Mecca and the Banu Qurayza Jews. The Battle of the Trench was the third and final battle between the Muslims and the polytheists of Mecca. 
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, also known as the Hudaybiyyah Peace Agreement, was a peace treaty between the Muslims of Medina and the polytheists of Mecca, signed in March 628 (6 AH). Through this treaty, the polytheists of Mecca officially recognized the political existence of the Muslims.
Battle of Khaybar
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah between the Muslims and the polytheists of Mecca was misinterpreted by the hypocrites as a sign of weakness on the side of Islam. The Jews of Khaybar also joined this view. The battle of Khaybar, in which Ali (radiyallahu anh) displayed great bravery, took place in 628 (at the end of Muharram, 7 AH).
Battle of Mu'tah
The Battle of Mu'tah was the first battle between the Muslims and the Greeks after the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina. It took place in 629 (8 AH).
Conquest of Mecca
On January 1, 630 (10 Ramadan, 8 AH), the Prophet [ sallallahu alayhi wa sallam ] left Medina with an army of 10,000. The Muslim army entered Mecca from four sides and, on January 11, 630 (20 Ramadan, 8 AH), they conquered the city without much resistance.
Battle of Hunayn
The Battle of Hunayn took place in the eighth year of Hijrah, 16 days after the conquest of Mecca. It was fought on January 27, 630 (8 Shawwal, 8 AH) in the Valley of Hunayn against the pagan Hawazin and Thaqif tribes.
Expedition of Tabuk
In 630 (9 AH), by the order of the Prophet [ sallallahu alayhi wa sallam ], a Muslim army of 30,000 was sent from Medina to Tabuk to confront a Byzantine army of 40,000 gathered in Sham. However, since the Byzantine army retreated, no battle took place. The Tabuk expedition brought political and military success to the Islamic state.
